Ultimate Guide to Typical Indoor Molds
A mold guide can help you identify and address mold growth in your home. Mold exposure can cause various health issues, including respiratory problems, allergies, and infections. There are over 100,000 kinds of mold, some of which are toxic and can cause serious health problems. It is important to be aware of the health risks associated with mold exposure and to take steps to prevent and remediate mold growth.
Mold spores are everywhere, and given the right conditions, they can grow and multiply indoors. This guide provides information on common indoor molds, their sources, and potential health risks.
Understanding Mold
Mold is a type of fungus that thrives in damp, humid environments. It reproduces by releasing tiny spores that float in the air. When these spores land on a suitable surface, they can begin to grow and form colonies.
Common Indoor Molds
| Mold Type | Source | Health Risks |
|---|---|---|
| Alternaria | Damp areas, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and basements; also found on plants and in soil | Allergic reactions, asthma attacks, and in rare cases, infections in people with weakened immune systems |
| Ascospores | Widely distributed in the environment, often found on damp materials indoors | Allergic reactions, respiratory problems |
| Basidiospores | Released by mushrooms, puffballs, and other fungi; often found in damp wood | Allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and in some cases, infections |
| Chaetomium | Damp building materials, such as drywall, wallpaper, and carpets | Allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and in rare cases, infections |
| Cladosporium | One of the most common indoor molds; found on a variety of surfaces, including walls, fabrics, and plants | Allergic reactions, asthma attacks |
| Penicillium/Aspergillus | Commonly found on food, damp building materials, and dust | Allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and in some cases, infections (especially in people with weakened immune systems) |
| Rusts | Plant pathogens that can sometimes be found indoors on infected plants | Generally not considered a significant health risk indoors |
| Smuts | Plant pathogens that can sometimes be found indoors on infected plants | Generally not considered a significant health risk indoors |
| Periconia | Found in soil and on decaying plant matter; can be found indoors in damp areas | Allergic reactions, respiratory problems |
| Myxomycetes | Slime molds that are typically found outdoors but can sometimes be found indoors in damp areas | Generally not considered a significant health risk |
| Stachybotrys (Black Mold) | Grows on materials with high cellulose content, such as drywall, paper, and wood; requires constant moisture | Severe health risks, including respiratory problems, allergic reactions, and neurological symptoms; produces mycotoxins that can be harmful |
| Stemphylium | Found on decaying plant matter and in soil; can be found indoors in damp areas | Allergic reactions, respiratory problems |
| Torula | Commonly found on wood and paper products; often associated with water damage | Allergic reactions, respiratory problems |
| Ulocladium | Often found in areas with water damage, such as bathrooms and basements | Allergic reactions, asthma attacks |
| Zygomycetes | Found in soil, decaying plant matter, and food; can grow indoors in damp conditions | Some species can cause infections, especially in people with weakened immune systems |
Preventing Mold Growth
- Control moisture levels by fixing leaks, using dehumidifiers, and ventilating damp areas.
- Clean up spills and water damage immediately.
- Ensure good ventilation in bathrooms and kitchens.
- Avoid using carpets in damp areas.
- Regularly inspect and clean areas prone to mold growth.
What to Do if You Find Mold
- Identify and fix the source of moisture.
- Clean up small areas of mold with a non-ammonia detergent solution.
- For larger infestations, consult a professional mold remediation specialist.
Important Considerations:
Porous vs. Non-porous Materials: Porous materials (like drywall or wood) that are heavily mold-affected may need to be removed and replaced, as mold can penetrate deeply. Non-porous materials (like tile or metal) can usually be cleaned effectively.
HVAC System: If your HVAC system has been affected by mold, it's essential to have it inspected and cleaned by a qualified professional.
Moisture Control: Mold growth is fueled by moisture. Identify and address the source of moisture to prevent mold from returning. This could involve fixing leaks, improving ventilation, or using dehumidifiers.
When to Call a Professional:
If you're dealing with extensive mold growth, suspect hidden mold, or have health concerns, it's always best to consult a qualified mold remediation professional. They have the expertise and equipment to handle the situation safely and effectively.
AEC uses industry-standard recommendations per the IICRC S520 standard is a comprehensive document, and this is a simplified overview. For detailed information, refer to the complete standard.
Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. If you suspect you have a mold-related health problem, consult a qualified healthcare professional.